By: Arya Brijith, International Center for AI and Cyber Security Research and Innovations (CCRI), Asia University, Taiwan,sia University, Taiwan, arya.brijithk@gmail.com
Abstract
Manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation are just a few of the areas that Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are changing. They represent a crucial convergence of the digital and physical domains. This essay thoroughly analyzes CPS, clarifying its complex character and possibilities for transformation. Computational and physical components are combined in CPS, which uses actuators and sensors to communicate with its surroundings. Multidisciplinary cooperation in networking, control, and materials science becomes critical as CPS research progresses. Security risks require specific legal frameworks and accountability standards since they might involve physical tampering and AI-based assaults, among other things. The steps in the CPS process range from sensor-based monitoring to computational decision-making-based actuation. Adopting CPS with a moral vision opens new avenues for innovation in many different industries.
Introduction
The convergence of the digital and physical domains in today’s quickly changing technology environment has given rise to a concept called Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). These systems mark a fundamental convergence of communication, computing, and control with broad implications for a variety of industries, including manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare.
A Cyber-Physical system is an intricate combination of physical elements that interact directly with the outside environment and computing algorithms. These systems use sensors and actuators to gather information from their surroundings, process it using computing components, and then react by influencing or managing physical processes.
To develop new CPS science and supporting technology, cyber-physical systems research aims to integrate knowledge and engineering principles across the computational and engineering disciplines (networking, control, software, human interaction, learning theory, as well as electrical, mechanical, chemical, biomedical, and material science, among others).[1]
Security threats of CPS
Physical Tampering: To impede or damage operations, attackers may try to physically alter or deactivate sensors or actuators, among other CPS components.
Supply Chain Attacks: During the manufacturing process, malicious actors may introduce compromised hardware or software into the supply chain of CPS components.
AI-based Attacks: As AI is included more in CPS, attackers may be able to take advantage of flaws in AI models or algorithms. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is bringing enormous promise and new security issues to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) as it continues to creep into the system. Because of its dependence on AI, CPS can learn from data, make judgments on its own, and adjust to changing conditions. But it also creates a possible avenue for cunning brains to take advantage of holes in AI models or algorithms.
Legal and Liability Issues: When there are several parties engaged in a CPS failure or incident, it can be difficult to determine who is liable. To effectively negotiate the legal complexity associated with CPS, it is imperative to build customized responsibility frameworks and standards. This might entail drafting contracts with clear responsibility clauses, establishing industry-wide standards for best practices, and specifying the precise responsibilities and obligations of each party involved. By doing this, we can make sure that roles are well-defined and safeguard users and developers of these complex systems.
Stages of the CPS process
Monitoring: To begin with, we place sensors in the actual environment. As the system’s eyes and ears, these sensors collect a variety of data, including movement, pressure, temperature, and anything else pertinent to the surrounding conditions.
Networking: After these sensors have completed their task, the collected data must be forwarded to the intelligent portion of the system for examination. This is the role of networking. It’s similar to hooking up a functional phone line to allow communication between the computational brain and the sensors.
Computational Processing: All this data must be transformed into a meaningful form. This is where the serious thinking takes place. Smart models and sophisticated algorithms are used to transform unprocessed data into insightful knowledge.
Actuation: Actuators cause physical environment activities to be initiated based on computed judgments and processed data. These might be systems, equipment, or mechanisms that carry out the commands given by the computing layer.
The Future of Cyber-Physical Systems
The importance of CPS in our lives will only grow as technology develops more. These technologies are positioned to spur efficiency and innovation in a variety of fields, from transforming healthcare to reshaping our communities. But we must approach their creation and implementation with a close eye on security, privacy, and ethics issues.
To sum up, Cyber-Physical Systems mark a significant advancement in the merging of the digital and physical realms. Their influence is felt in a variety of industries, changing how we engage with the systems and surroundings we live in. The potential of CPS to improve our lives and society is limitless if it is used with ethical forethought and meticulous preparation.
Conclusion
Cyber-Physical Systems represent a revolutionary merging of the digital and physical domains. Their influence cuts across many industries, changing the way we engage with our surroundings and infrastructure. If we approach the creation and implementation of CPS with ethical vision and careful planning, the potential for improving our lives and society is boundless. CPS will play a more and more important part in our lives as technology advances. Through tackling obstacles and capitalizing on their transformational capacity, we are well-positioned to use the advantages of these dynamic systems fully.
References
- Baheti, R., & Gill, H. (2011). Cyber-physical systems. The impact of control technology, 12(1), 161-166.
- Jazdi, N. (2014, May). Cyber physical systems in the context of Industry 4.0. In 2014 IEEE international conference on automation, quality and testing, robotics (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
- Lee, E. A. (2015). The past, present and future of cyber-physical systems: A focus on models. Sensors, 15(3), 4837-4869.
- Alguliyev, R., Imamverdiyev, Y., & Sukhostat, L. (2018). Cyber-physical systems and their security issues. Computers in Industry, 100, 212-223.
- Poonia, V., Goyal, M. K., Gupta, B. B., Gupta, A. K., Jha, S., & Das, J. (2021). Drought occurrence in different river basins of India and blockchain technology based framework for disaster management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 312, 127737.
- Gupta, B. B., & Sheng, Q. Z. (Eds.). (2019). Machine learning for computer and cyber security: principle, algorithms, and practices. CRC Press.
- Singh, A., & Gupta, B. B. (2022). Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and defense mechanisms in various web-enabled computing platforms: issues, challenges, and future research directions. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS), 18(1), 1-43.
- Almomani, A., Alauthman, M., Shatnawi, M. T., Alweshah, M., Alrosan, A., Alomoush, W., & Gupta, B. B. (2022). Phishing website detection with semantic features based on machine learning classifiers: a comparative study. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS), 18(1), 1-24.
Cite As
Brijith A. (2023) Cyber-physical Systems, Insights2Techinfo, pp.1